Daltonism:
Daltonism refers to colorblindness of the red-green type (also known as
deuteranopia or deuteranomaly). The term "Daltonism" comes from the
name of the English chemist and physicist, John Dalton (1766-1844).
Born in a village in Cumberland where his father, Joseph, was a weaver
in poor circumstances, Dalton was educated by his father and John
Fletcher, teacher in a Quaker school. When Fletcher retired in 1778,
Dalton took his place. In 1793 he was appointed teacher of mathematics
and natural philosophy at New College in Manchester. In 1803 he put
forth the facts embodied in his law of partial pressures: the pressure
of a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures which would be
exerted separately by the several constituents if each alone were
present. Dalton's reputation largely rests upon his great Atomic
Theory. It was said of Dalton that, "into society he rarely went, and
his only amusement was a game of bowls on Thursday afternoons." In the
first scientific paper he published, Dalton described his (and his
brother's) affliction of colorblindness with defective perception of
red and green (Dalton, J: Extraordinary facts relating to the vision of
colours, with observation. Mem Literary Philos Soc Manchester 5: 28-45,
1798). It is the first recognized account of red-green colorblindness.
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