Ultrasound

Ultrasound Overview

Ultrasound (also termed sonography, ultrasonography, and Doppler study) is a non-invasive diagnostic medical technique that uses high frequency sound waves to produce images of the internal structures of the body. These sound waves are not detectable by human hearing.
Using ultrasonography, a technician or doctor moves a device called a transducer (probe) over part of your body. The transducer emits sound waves which bounce off the internal tissues, and creates images from the waves that bounce back. Different densities of tissues, fluid, and air inside the body produce different images that can be interpreted by a physician, typically a radiologist (a physician who specializes in imaging technologies). Many studies are done by a trained technologist (sonographer) and then interpreted by a radiologist.

Ultrasound Uses

Ultrasound can be used as a diagnostic or screening tool to confirm medical disorders or to assist in performing medical procedures. It is also used as a therapeutic tool in treating musculoskeletal problems, renal stones (kidney stones), and gallstones.

Therapeutic Uses

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a form of ultrasound used to break up kidney stones and gallbladder stones. In many cases, the patient is given some sedation or pain medication as the high intensity waves needed to fracture the stones can cause discomfort. This technique is used often to treat stone formation.
A few physicians use HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound) to treat cancer, while others use ultrasound for targeted drug delivery, hemostasis or thrombolysis. However, these techniques are not widely available and are still being evaluated for efficacy.
Ultrasound is often used to treat musculoskeletal injuries, and is frequently used to treat sports injuries. For example, plantar fasciitis and tendinitis are commonly treated using therapeutic ultrasound. It is believed to help reduce inflammation and increase blood flow to affected areas. However, there is little evidence that tissue therapeutic ultrasound is effective. More study is needed.